NR585NP: Literature Summary Assignment
NR585NP: Literature Summary Assignment Template
Follow the instructions provided in the Week 5 Assignment Guidelines and Rubric to complete the information below.
- Use this Literature Summary Template to complete the assignment. Use of the template is required. A 10% deduction will be applied if the template is not used. See the rubric.
- Use complete sentences to document findings.
- State the PICOT question from Week 2 in the first table, including
- Population
- Intervention
- Comparison
- Outcome
- Timeframe
- Use standard PICOT format and label each element
- Select the correct table for each of the five articles and complete the information that aligns with the type of research article selected.
- Original research: single quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods study
- Synthesis: systematic review, meta-analysis, or meta-synthesis
- CPG: clinical practice guideline
- Copy and paste the tables to classify your five articles correctly. Delete tables that are not used.
| PICOT Statement |
| State your PICOT statement from Week 2 in the standard format and label each element ( e.g., P, I, C, O, T).
In obese or overweight individuals aged 12–18 years (P), how does lifestyle modification (I), compared to weight-loss medications (C), affect weight-loss efficacy, including absolute weight loss, reduction in BMI, and body weight loss (O) within six months (T)? |
CLICK HERE TO ORDER A PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPER
| Original Research Article 1 | |
| Full reference for article (APA Format) and Chamberlain University hyperlink | Babiker, A., Alfaraidi, H., Aljarallah, G., Albaraki, J., Alharbi, R., Alsomali, N., Alkhalaf, A., Yenugadhati, N., Al Juraibah, F., & Al Alwan, I. (2025). The metabolic effect of combined liraglutide treatment and lifestyle modification on obese adolescents in a tertiary center, Riyadh. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 16, 1573109. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2025.1573109 |
| Purpose and Type of Research | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of combining liraglutide therapy with structured lifestyle modification in adolescents diagnosed with obesity. The researchers sought to determine whether adding pharmacologic treatment to traditional lifestyle interventions could improve weight-loss outcomes. This study used a retrospective cohort design, allowing investigators to compare outcomes among adolescents who received lifestyle modification alone with those who received both lifestyle modification and liraglutide. |
| Methods | The researchers conducted a retrospective review of medical records from adolescents treated for obesity at a tertiary healthcare center. Participants were divided into groups based on the treatment received. One group participated in structured lifestyle modification programs that included dietary counseling, physical activity recommendations, and behavioral support. The second group received the same lifestyle interventions in addition to liraglutide therapy. |
| Sample and Participants | The study included 138 obese adolescents treated at a tertiary center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. |
| Study Findings | The findings demonstrated that adolescents who received liraglutide in combination with lifestyle modification achieved significantly greater reductions in BMI than those who participated in lifestyle modification alone. The benefits became particularly noticeable after six to nine months of treatment. Participants receiving combination therapy showed more consistent weight-loss trends and improved obesity-related outcomes. These results suggest that pharmacologic therapy may enhance the effectiveness of behavioral interventions in adolescents who struggle to achieve sufficient weight reduction through lifestyle changes alone. |
| Limitations of the Study | The study was limited by its retrospective design, single-center setting, and reduced generalizability to other populations. |
| Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention | This study is highly relevant to the PICOT question because it directly compares lifestyle modification with a treatment approach that includes pharmacologic intervention. The findings indicate that medication may provide additional benefits for adolescents who do not achieve desired results through lifestyle modification alone. For nurses and healthcare providers, the research supports the importance of individualized obesity treatment plans and highlights the potential value of combining behavioral and pharmacologic strategies to improve outcomes. |
| Original Research Article 2 | |
| Full reference for article (APA Format) and Chamberlain University hyperlink | Weghuber, D., Barrett, T., Barrientos-Pérez, M., Gies, I., Hesse, D., Jeppesen, O. K., Kelly, A.S., Mastrandrea, L.D., Sørrig, R., & Arslanian, S. (2022). Once-weekly semaglutide in adolescents with obesity. New England Journal of Medicine, 387(24), 2245-2257. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2208601 |
| Purpose and Type of Research | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide compared with placebo in adolescents with obesity. This study was a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. |
| Methods | Participants were randomly assigned to receive either semaglutide or a placebo while also participating in lifestyle counseling programs. Lifestyle counseling included recommendations related to healthy eating habits, physical activity, and behavioral modification. |
| Sample and Participants | The study included 201 adolescents aged 12 to 18 years who met the criteria for obesity. Participants were recruited from multiple international sites, increasing the diversity and representativeness of the sample. Both male and female adolescents participated, allowing researchers to evaluate treatment effectiveness across a broad population of youth affected by obesity. |
| Study Findings | The study found that adolescents receiving semaglutide experienced substantially greater reductions in BMI and body weight compared with those receiving a placebo. Participants also demonstrated improvements in cardiometabolic indicators associated with obesity-related health risks. The magnitude of weight reduction exceeded that typically observed with lifestyle counseling alone. These findings suggest that semaglutide can be an effective adjunct treatment for adolescent obesity and may significantly enhance outcomes when combined with behavioral interventions. |
| Limitations of the Study | Although the study demonstrated strong results, limitations were noted. The follow-up period, while relatively long, may still be insufficient to determine the long-term sustainability of weight loss. Researchers also emphasized the need for additional studies evaluating long-term safety and effectiveness. Furthermore, participant adherence to lifestyle recommendations may have varied throughout the study period. |
| Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention | This study is directly relevant to the PICOT question because it compares pharmacologic treatment with lifestyle-focused approaches. The findings provide strong evidence that semaglutide can significantly improve weight-loss outcomes among adolescents with obesity. Nurses can use this evidence to support informed discussions with patients and families regarding treatment options and the potential role of medication in comprehensive obesity management. |
| Synthesis Article 1 | |
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Yang, S., Xin, S., Ju, R., & Zang, P. (2025). Pharmacological interventions for addressing pediatric and adolescent obesity: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Plos One, 20(2), e0314787. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314787 |
| Purpose and Type of Research | The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of anti-obesity medications in adolescents. This research was a systematic review and network meta-analysis. |
| Search strategy | The authors searched PubMed, EMBASE, and CENTRAL up to January 2024. |
| Discussion of Inclusion Criteria | The review included randomized controlled trials of pharmacological interventions in adolescents. |
| Study Findings | The review found that semaglutide and phentermine/topiramate were among the most effective medications for reducing BMI and waist circumference. These interventions consistently outperformed placebo and several alternative treatments. Results indicated that pharmacotherapy can significantly enhance weight-loss outcomes, particularly when lifestyle interventions alone are insufficient. The findings also highlighted differences in efficacy across medications, helping clinicians evaluate treatment options. |
| Limitations of the Study | The certainty of evidence varied among included studies due to differences in methodology, participant characteristics, and follow-up duration. Long-term effectiveness and safety data were limited. Publication bias and inconsistencies among studies may also have influenced findings. |
| Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention | This synthesis is highly relevant because it provides a broad comparison of pharmacologic treatments available for adolescent obesity. The findings help clinicians understand how medications compare with lifestyle-based approaches and support evidence-based decision-making regarding obesity management. |
| Synthesis Article 2 | |
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Tully, L., Arthurs, N., Wyse, C., Browne, S., Case, L., McCrea, L., O’Connell, J.M., O’Gorman, C.S., Smith, S.M., Walsh, A., Ward, F., & O’Malley, G. (2022). Guidelines for treating child and adolescent obesity: A systematic review. Frontiers in Nutrition, 9, 902865. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2022.902865 |
| Purpose and Type of Research | The purpose of this study was to review and compare the quality of clinical practice guidelines for adolescent obesity. This research was a systematic review. |
| Search strategy | The authors searched academic databases and grey literature for relevant guidelines. |
| Discussion of Inclusion Criteria | The review included guidelines published in English for child and adolescent obesity. |
| Study Findings | The review found strong agreement across guidelines that multi-component lifestyle interventions should serve as the first-line treatment for obesity in children and adolescents. These interventions generally included dietary changes, increased physical activity, and behavioral support. Pharmacotherapy was recommended only in selected circumstances, particularly when lifestyle interventions alone were unsuccessful. The review demonstrated widespread support for comprehensive lifestyle modification as the foundation of obesity treatment. |
| Limitations of the Study | The review primarily included guidelines developed in high-resource settings and excluded non-English publications. These factors may limit applicability to diverse populations and healthcare systems. Differences in guideline development methods also created variability in recommendations. |
| Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention | This review is directly relevant to the PICOT question because it highlights the continued importance of lifestyle modification as the primary treatment strategy for adolescent obesity. The findings reinforce evidence supporting behavioral interventions while also clarifying the circumstances under which pharmacotherapy may be considered. |
| Clinical Practice Guideline | |
| Full reference for article (APA Format) | Hampl, S. E., Hassink, S. G., Skinner, A. C., Armstrong, S. C., Barlow, S. E., Bolling, C. F., Edwards, K.C.A., Eneli, I., Hamre, R., Joseph, M.M., Lunsford, D., Mendonca, E., Michalsky, M.P., Mirza, N., Ochoa, E.R., Sharifi, M., Staiano, A.E., Weedn, A.E., Flinn, S.K., Lindros, J., & Okechukwu, K. (2023). Clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and treatment of children and adolescents with obesity. Pediatrics, 151(2), e2022060640. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-060640 |
| Purpose and Type of Research | The purpose of this clinical practice guideline was to provide evidence-based recommendations for the evaluation and treatment of obesity in children and adolescents. The guideline sought to improve consistency in care and support healthcare providers in delivering effective obesity management. The guideline is based on an extensive review of scientific evidence and expert consensus. |
| Systematic Review of Literature | The recommendations were informed by systematic reviews, technical reports, and evidence evaluations examining obesity interventions among pediatric populations. Evidence was assessed for quality, strength, and applicability to clinical practice. This process ensured that recommendations were grounded in the best available research. |
| Stakeholders and Peer Review | The American Academy of Pediatrics subcommittee developed the guideline and submitted it for peer review. |
| Study Findings | This guideline strongly recommends intensive lifestyle and behavioral interventions as the first-line treatment for pediatric obesity. Pharmacotherapy may be considered for adolescents with severe obesity or when lifestyle interventions alone do not achieve desired outcomes. Bariatric surgery is reserved for carefully selected cases. The recommendations emphasize early intervention, family involvement, and individualized treatment planning. |
| Strength of Recommendations | Recommendations supporting lifestyle modification received strong endorsement due to consistent evidence demonstrating effectiveness and safety. Recommendations regarding pharmacotherapy were conditional because evidence continues to evolve and long-term outcomes require additional study. |
| Relevance to Practice Issue or Proposed Intervention | This guideline is highly relevant because it directly addresses the interventions examined in the PICOT question. It supports lifestyle modification as the primary treatment approach while acknowledging the potential role of medication in selected cases. Nurses can use these recommendations to guide patient education, care planning, and evidence-based obesity management strategies. |